National Institute of Industrial Engineering
Industrial Engineering (PGDIE-42)
Review Paper Summary on
IPv6 Tunneling Over IPV4
Submitted to Submitted by
Dr. KVSS Narayan Rao Abhinav Gautam (Roll no-03)
Article Details:
Title:
IPv6 Tunneling Over IPV4
Authors:
- Sankara Narayanan
- M.Syed Khaja Mohideen
- M.Chithik Raja
Department of Information Technology
Salalah College of Technology
Sultanate of Oman
Published in:
IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues,
Vol. 9, Issue 2, No
2,
March 2012
Abstract
Due to the huge growth of the
internet users, mobile users using internet connection makes development and
implementation of IPv6 as an alternate solution. IPv6 is a long anticipated
upgrade to the internet's main communication protocol, which is called IPv4.
The current address space provided by IPv4, with only4, 294, 967, 296
addresses. Nowadays IPv6 tunneling over IPv4 are widely used to form the global
IPv6 Internet. The IPv6 128-bit address scheme it should provide enough
addresses for everyone's computer. Tunneling provides a path to use an existing
IPv4 to IPv6. This paper describes typical IPv6 tunneling and tunnel broker's
deployment in real IP networks.
Review
A next-generation Internet Protocol
[1] , known first as IPng and then as IPv6, has been under development by the
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for several years to replace the current
Internet Protocol known as IPv4.
Of major importance during the
development of IPv6 has been how to do the transition away from IPv4, and
towards IPv6. The work on transition strategies, tools, and mechanisms has been
part of the basic IPv6 design effort from the beginning
These transition design efforts
resulted in a basic Transition Mechanisms specification for IPv6 hosts and
routers [4] that specifies the use of a Dual IP layer providing complete
support for both IPv4 and IPv6 in hosts and routers, and IPv6-over-IPv4
tunneling , encapsulating IPv6 packets within IPv4 headers to carry them over
IPv4 routing infrastructures.
Of great concern to transition
strategy planners is how to provide connectivity between IPv6-enabled end-user
sites (also known as routing domains ) when they do not yet have a reasonable
(or any) choice of Internet Service Provider (ISP) that provides native IPv6
transport services. One way to provide IPv6 connectivity between end-user sites
(when native IPv6 service does not exist) is to use IPv6-over-IPv4
encapsulation (tunneling) between them, similar to the technique currently used
in the 6bone [5] IPv6 testbed network. This requires complexity for both
end-user sites, and the networks providing the tunneling service (for instance,
the 6bone backbone ISPs), in creating, managing, and operating manually
configured tunnels.
Simplest Use of 6to4
The simplest scenario for 6to4 is
when several sites start to use IPv6 alongside IPv4, and have no native IPv6
ISP service available. Thus each site identifies a router to run dual stack
(that is, IPv4 and IPv6 together) and 6to4 tunneling, ensuring that this router
has a globally routable IPv4 address (that is, not in private IPv4 address
space).
Sending and Receiving Rules for 6to4 Routers
When the requesting site's 6to4
router sees that it must send a packet to another site (that is, there is a
nonlocal destination), and that the next hop destination prefix contains the
special 6to4 Top Level Aggregation (TLA) value of 2002::/16, the IPv6 packet is
encapsulated in an IPv4 packet using an IPv4 protocol type of 41, as defined in
the Transition Mechanisms.
Conclusion
Network industry expects a gradual
transition to IPv6 in near future. The IPv6 addressing protocol solves the problem
of IP address exhaustion, because IPv4 and IPv6 are incompatible, the general
public, businesses of all size and federal agencies will eventually need to replace
or upgrade every element in their communications scheme.
Dear Abhinav Gautam,
ReplyDeleteThanks for your review.
Regards,
A.Sankara Narayanan
http://sankar-information-security.blogspot.com/p/publications_9.html